Linear Heat Detection System
APPLICATION NOTE - Cable Tunnels
Cable tunnels are locatedin factories, cities, and large buildings, and are usually densely filled with a variety of cables such as electric power, control and communications. They are the central nervous system of a factory, city, or a large building. The typical characteristics of the cable tunnels are:
- Link the power, control and communications systems, between building structures
so once a fire occurs, the impact and damage to a business due to an inadequate fire
detection system can be crippling
- Fire caused by burning cables spreads fast, and results in high temperatures making it difficult to control the spread of the fire and perform life safety rescues.
- Typical fiore detection systems, such as point detection do not function well in these environments, because of high humidity and strong electromagnetic interference sources.
TC9208 self-adaptive compensation line type heat detector is suitable for use in cable tunnels. When compared to other detector methods unders same environment, TC9208's environmental compensation can ensure its high sensitivity and minimize false alarms. the Rate-of-Rise temperature alarm and multistage alarm functionality of the TC9208 is an effective combination for early fire detection.
The installation of TC9208 can be the sine-wave contact type or line installation. Line type heat detecting cable (LHDC) may be economically applied to monitor above each level of wiring trays and below the bottom level, to protect against debris fires from accumulated dust.
The design of the detection zone may be decided by the following:
Physical barriers, Fire Zone or Fire Breaks
Access ways etc., for fire fighting personnel
Zoning of Deluge System or other extinguishers
A "zone" is a length of Line Type Heat Detecting Cable connected to a Monitor Contorl Unit (MCU) with being housed in a protected location. The length of detecting cable in a ny zone is determined by the "Characteristics of Line Heat Detecting Cable Systems".
The Monitor Control Unit provides remote monitoring signals, which can be monitored at a central monitoring location.
By utilizing LDM92198 series MCU or Locator, systems can be provided with the following features:
FT or ROR and FT alarm
Location of overheat and alarm point
Adjustment of pre-alarm level
Adjustment of alarm level
Fire alarm and actuation only in true fire condition
Fault of the Detection Cable
Operation of all healthy single shot Actuators
Applicable Data Sheets
Line Heat Detecting Cable, Locating Type LHDC
Monitor Control Uniting unit LDM92198/F, LDM92198/FR
Monitor Control Uniting unit LDM92198/L/F, LDM92198/L/FR (Locating type)
Fixings and other accessories
APPLICATION NOTE - Conveyor
Conveyor belt systems are widely applied in many industries. The materials carried include packaging, assembled materials and minerals including coal. Due to the easy spread of a fire within these systems, the damage caused by these types of fires can be great, so early protection is critical.
Typically, there are 2 kinds of fire identified with the conveyor belt system: First, "static fire" on the belt mechanism or belt system. Second, the "moving fire" on the moving belt.
As an example coal generates dust during conveying that can accumulate on the roller bearings. The dust accumulation ignites due to friction caused by the breakdown or wear of the roller bearings. Additionally, the static friction of the belt can ignite the coal dust. In the past, many kinds of fire detectors have been used, including ion and photoelectric smoke detectors, point-type temperature sensing detectors, point-type flame detectors and pnematic detectors. Experiments prove, these detectors, in most cases do not adapt to this kind of environment and cause false alarms due to the powdery dust and fine water spray mist used to control the dust. To combat false alarm problems caused by dust, point-type detection systems are forced to reduce their sensitivity resulting in a time lag to alarm detection. LHDC has gradually become an industry standard and choice for protectig these systems especially at those locations within the system where environmental conditions are extreme and false alarms are reported frequently. Zeta offers a wide variety of products to meet your conveyor system fire needs.
Then what about "moving fire" on the belt? Experiments prove that it is difficult to detect a small fire moving at a speed of 2-4 m/s with point type detection systems or standard line type heat detectors. The temperature rate-of-rise function of Zeta's TC9208/FR has an improved responce capability, as compared to point-type detection systems and standard LHDC. besides, the environmental compensation function guarantees self-adapting to the environmental changes without decreasing its sensitivity, so that brings a newer and more effective solution for detecting belt moving fires.
The design of the detection zones requires the designer to consider the following:
Physical barriers, Fire Zone or Fire Breaks
Access ways etc, for fire fighting personnel
Zoning of Deluge System or other extinguishants
A "zone" is a length of Line type heat detecting cable connected to a Monitor Control Unit (MCU) with the MCU being house din a protected area. The length of detecting cable ina any zone is determined by the "characteristics of Line Detecting Heat Systems". When confronted with long distances between the detection zone the Monitor Control Unit special low capacitance extension cable is available.
The Monitor Control Unit provides monitoring signals, which can be monitored at a central monitoring location.
Applicable Data Sheets
Line HEat Detecting Cable, Locating Type LHDC
Monitor Control Uniting unit LDM92198/F, LDM92198/FR
Locating Type Monitor Control Uniting Unit LDM92198/L/F, LDM92198/L/FR
Fixing and other accessories
APPLICATION NOTE - Petrochemical Product Pumps
The mechanical failure of a petrochemical pump can say in many cases causes a fire. The Zeta Line Type Heat Detecting System (LHDS) in its intrinsically safe form may be employed to monitor one or more pumps.
Generally a failure of the pump motor or the pump's mechanical coupling causes seal failure, therefore the most likely source of fire is in the seal area. A loop of Line Type Heat Detecting Cable (LHDC) above the seal provides early detection while being flexible enough to be held aside during the required maintenance work.
A line of pumps may be monitored in any "zone" and therefore the Zeta LHDS system is a more cost effective solution.
A "zone" is a length of Line Type Heat detecting cable connected to a Monitor Control Unit (MCU) with the MCU being housed in a protected area. The intinsically safe circuit within the MCU imposes a limitation on cable length because of the capacitance of the Line Type Heat Detecting Cable. The maximum permissable length varies with the Hazardous Gas Groups within the protected zones.
The Monitor Control Unit provides remote monitoring signals, which can be monitored at a central monitoring unit.
Applicable Data Sheets
Line Heat Detecting Cable, Locating Type LHDC
Monitor Control Uniting Unit LDM92198/F, LDM92198/FR
Monitor Control Uniting Unit LDM92198/L/F, LDM92198/L/FR(Locating Type)
Fixings and other accessories
Other Relevant Documentation
Intrinsically Safe Systems - Limitations on cable Length, Barrier Types.
APPLICATION NOTE - Boiler and Furnace Burner Areas
On all types of boilers and furnaces there is a high risk of fire in the area of the burners.
The ambient temperatures and physical restraints often preclude many forms of detection systems; however, Line Type heat Detecting Systems (LHDS) can be employed giving early warning fire conditions in the burner area.
The ambient temperature must be considered and it should be noted that the Zeta Line Type Heat Detecting Cable (LHDC) can operate with long-term ambient temperatures up to 70C.
the detection cable is typically placed on a horizontal framework so that approximately 10 meters of cable covers an area of 1 meter square. The framework is placed above each burner or group of burners, so as to monitor the incoming fuel line or ducting.
The arrangement of the "zones" of detction is generally determined by the fire fighting procedures, but it is practical to cover a number of burner areas as a single "zone" where discrimination between burner areas is not required.
Each zone will require a length of the appropriate Line Type Heat Detecting Cable and a Monitor Control Unit.
The Monitor Control Units can be mounted adjacent to the detection zone and provide an actuation signal for deluge system or other extinguishing system. The Monitor Control unit provides remote monitoring signals, which can be monitored at a central monitoring location. Where this cable traverses other zones, it should be fire resistant rated.
Applicable Data Sheets
Line Heat Detecting Cable, Locating Type LHDC
Monitor Control Uniting Unit LDM92198?F, LDM92198/FR
Monitor Control Uniting Unit LDM92198/L/F, LDM92198/L/FR (Locating Type)
Fixings and other accessories
APPLICATION NOTE - Road and Rail Tunnel
The road and rail have the following fire protection issues:
- Length of tunnels and limited exit and entry points make early detection a critical requirement.
- Enviroment conditions are harsh inside a tunnel, environmental factors such as high humidity, high oil & gas fumes, dust, electromagnetic interference, etc. must be considered in your fire protection plan.
- the temperature in the tunnel is changing in accordance with outside weather and vehicle flow. These changing environmental conditions will usually cause false alarms for a point detection system without an environmental compensation function.
When used in tunnel, the fire detection system must overcome 3 problems:
- To detect the fire in its early stage of development.
- To be immune to false alarms.
- To have an environmental compensation function to cope with the fast changes of temperature and humidity within a tunnel.
Zeta's TC9208 Series Self-Adaptive Compensation Line type Heat Detector can meet the above requirements. Its rate-of-rise temperature alarm function can detect the fire in its early stage. The environmental compensation function of the sensing cable and the construction of the Monitor Control Unit resist the interference from adverse environmental conditions.
The design of the detection zone may be decided by the following:
Physical Barriers, Fire Zone or Fire Breaks
Access ways, etc., for fire fighting personnel
Zoning of Deluge System or other extinguishants
For each "zone" a length of Line Type Heat Detecting vcable is connected to a Monitor Control unit the latter being housed in a protected location.
The length of detecting cable in any zone is determined by the "Characteristics" of Line Type Heat Detecting Cable Systems". When confronted with long distances between the Detection Zone and the Monitor Control uni special low capacitance extension cable is available.
The Monitor Control Unit provides remote monitoring signals, which can be monitored at a central monitoring location.
Applicable Data Sheets
Line Heat Detecing cable, Locating Type LHDC
Monitor Control Uniting Unit LDM92198/F, LDM92198/FR
Locating Type Monitor Control Uniting Unit LDM92198/L/F, LDM92198/L/FR
Fixings and other accessories
APPLICATION NOTE - High Density Storage Racking
There are a large number of high density storage racking systems used within a warehouse or distribution center. Usually these warehouses are steel structure, and once a fire occurs, the warehouse racking system is at risk of collapsing causing a "Domino Effect". Therefore, early fire alarm detection and pre-alarm detection is critical in minimizing fire damage. Typically, air sampling type systems are used to protect storage racking systems, bu they have difficulty with dusty and very low temperature environments.
TC9208 Series line heat detecting cable (LHDC) can be used for fire alarm detection within the shelving of a high density storage racking system as well as in-between the partitions of a high-density storage rack system. testing proves that LHDC typically responds very quickly to a fire event, effectively avoiding significant loss.
TC9208/FR's temperature rate-of-rise alarm function provides faster high-density storage racking system fire detection, and TC9208/L/FR may offer more precision in pinpointing possible hot spots and fire locations, thus shortening the actual fire location judgement time.
There are different LHDC installation methods for different high-density storage racking systems, as shown below.
The racking area may be divided inot "zones" based on the following:
Physical Barriers and Fire Protecion Zone
Access ways etc., for fire fighting personnel
Zoning of Deluge System or other extinguishants
Each Zone requires a length of Line Type Heat Detecting cable and a Monitor Control Unit (MCU), which may be located adjacent to the zone in a protected area. The MCU typically provides the deluge system actuation signal, as well as remote monitoring signals, which can be monitored at a central monitoring location.
By utilizing LD92198 series MCU, systems can be provided with the following features:
FT ROR and FT Alarm
Location of overheat and alarm point
Adjustment of pre-alarm level
Adjustment of alarm level
Fire alarm and actuation only in true fire condition
Faulting of the Detection cable
Operation of all healthy single shot Actuators Applicable Data Sheets
Line Heat Detecting cable, Locating Type LHDC
Monitor Control Uniting Unit LDM92198/F, LDM92198/R, LDM92198/FR
Locating Type Monitor Control Uniting Unit LDM92198/L/F, LDM92198/L/R, LDM92198/L/FR
Fixings and other accessories
1. Description
The Thermocable Line Heat Detector is designed to provide early detection of fire conditions and overheating in circumstances where other forms of detection would not be viable, either due to inability to sustain the environmental requirements or through prohibitive costs.
Extensive single zonal lengths of the Line Type Heat detecting Cable (LHDC) may be installed with the ability to trigger alarms for 'hot spots' occuring on very small sections of the overall cable.
The LHDC may be employed in a wide variety of applications but is particularly suited where there is harsh environmental condition, a physical or hazardous maintenance access constraint to the protected area, and/or a requirement to cost effectively install detection in close proximity to the risk(s).
2. Features
The primary features of ThermoCable Line Type Heat Detector are:
- Early detection of hazards at temperatures well below flame point.
- Rugged construction for use in harsh environments.
- Ease of installation - wide range of fixings available.
- Compatible with many existing zone monitors / control equipment.
Recoverable & resetable (testable) operation - unlike Digital LHDC. - Intrinsically Safe configurable for Hazardous Areas.
- Compliant with industry standards (e.g. CEGB GDCD-187)
3. Principles
The Line Type Heat Detector consists of a 4-core cable. Two of the four colourcoded conductors are 
insulated with a Negative Temperature Coefficient material. The other two conductors have normal PVC insulation. The cores are twisted together and protected by an outer sheath of high temperature, flame-retardant PVC insulation (See Fig.1).
The primary mechanism of heat (fire) detection is that the resistance of the dielectric, monitored between the two conductors coated with NTC.
This NTC characteristic is a logarithmic function, and thus the resistance at normal ambient temperatures is very much greater than at abnormal alarm temperatures.
There are other parameters exhibited by the cable such as capacitive type effects. The cable must be employed in conjunction with the correct type of monitoring unit.
When correctly configured considerable lengths of the detector may be installed whilst maintaining the ability to trigger alarms for 'Hot Spots' on small sections of the detector cable.
4. Application
The cable may be installed in Hazardous Areas by means of Intrisically Safe Zener Barriers. Similarly, when the protected area is remote from the monitoring equipment 'interposing cable may be employed.
LHDC is versatile in that it can both provide an alternative to point heat detectors in conventional (space) protection situations and it may also be readily installed in very close proximity to monitored hazards.
The detector is particularly suited to applications where harsh environmental conditions preclude the use of other forms of detection.
The low maintenance requirement of the detector provides a unique solution to fire detection in areas that have access restrictions due to either physical difficulties or personnel health risk.
- Cable Tunnels, Ducts & Mezzanines
- Escalators & Moving Walkways
- Petro-Chen Storage Tank Rim Seals
- Paint Shops & Spray Booths
- Conveyors - Coal, Wood, Sulphur, Etc...
- Ceiling Voids & Attic Spaces
- Marine Engine Rooms
- Nuclear Reactor Plant Areas
- Electri9cal Switchgear Cabinets
- High Rise Warehouse pallet Racking
- Oil Rigs & Off Shore Platforms
- Vehicle Engine Compartments
- Steam Pipe Leaks & Trace Heating Faults
- Computer Room Under Floor Voids
- Road & Rail Tunnel Carriageways & Sumps
5. Parameters
In a general way, the calibration switch setting should be determined from the maximum ambient temperature, the alarm temperature and the total length of sensor cable. But it is different from other manufacture's LHD products, LDM92198 Series MCU can adapt a variety of surroundings tmperature and total length to give exact alarm. So if less than 200m for Fixed Temperature and Rate of Rise Heat Detector (FT-ROR Type), or 300m for Fixed Temperature Heat Detector (FT Type) Monitor Unit can give exact alarm.
5.1 Method for Parameter Setting
The parameters can be set through a computer or PDA using special applied software, as the following figure. User can set the following para: Total length of one Zone Loop, Temperature of Pre-Alarm and Alarm, Maximum Environmental temperature, and Network Physical Address. Only Engineer's of Zeta can set the following parameters: sensitivity, precision, function, etc.
5.2 Parameter Setting
Recommendatory Tabular parameters is the following: the Alarm Temperature shoul;d be at least 35C above maximum environmental temperature is 45C, then the Alarm Temperature should be equal to or more than 80C.
User can set the parameters arbitrarily if the [parameter accord with the above method, MCU can self-adapt the surroundings cariety, including environmental and total length of sensor cable.
6. Specification
HDC
Table 1
|
LDM92198 Series Analog Line Type Heat Detector |
||
Fixed Temperature Detector |
Rate-of-Rise Heat Detector |
Fixed Temperature and Rate-of –Rise Heat Detector |
|
Sensitive Cable |
TC9208/F |
TC9208/R |
TC9208/FR |
Zone Monitor Unit |
LDM92198/F |
LDM92198/R |
LDM92198/FR |
Main Parameter |
Alarm temperature Range for 1m: 68~158°C |
Rate-of-Rise Temperature Range: 8.3~30°C/min |
Alarm temperature Range for 1m: 68~158°C |
Note: if detector is locating type products, “/L” should be added to the model. For example, TC9208/F/L and LDM92198/F/L mean locating type fixed temperature detector. |
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Table 2
|
Line Type Heat Sensor Cable (LHDC) |
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High Temperature PVC |
Nylon Coated |
Bronze Braid for Explosion and EM-Proof |
No Smoke and Prevent Burning |
|
Part Number |
TC9208/XX |
TC9208/XX/NC |
TC9208/XX/BB |
TC9208/XX/SP |
Normal Length |
200m, 400m, 600m or 800m |
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External Diameter (nominal) |
3.2mm |
4.2mm |
4.2mm |
3.3mm |
Minimum Tensile Strength |
100N |
120N |
120N |
100N |
Ambient Temperature |
-20°C~100°C |
-40°C~160°C |
-40°C~100°C |
-40°C~200°C |
Insulation |
Cores 2 and 4: Specially Doped Polymer, |
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Core Colours |
1-Orange; 2=White; 3=Red; 4=Blue; 5 or 6(if have)= Yellow or Green |
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Service Life |
Up to 100°C: Unlimited |
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Voltage Proof |
10 kV between outer sheath and a conductor |
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Maximum Distance for Laying |
9m (Refer to UL521 and FM3210) |
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Note: X X include F, R or R symbol, mean Fixed Temperature, Rate-of-Rise Temperature or Fixed temperature and Rate-of-Rise Heat Detector |
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7. Compatibility
The Line Type Detector is compatible with many installations and monitoring equipments. The following diagrams indicate typical system configuration:
